铜绿假单胞菌检测

Standard Test Method for Testing Disinfectant Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm using the MBEC Assay

ASTM E2871-2012 采用单管法评价铜绿假单胞菌生物膜在疾控中心生物膜反应器中生长的消毒剂疗效的标准试验方法

Vegetative biofilm bacteria are phenotypically different from suspended planktonic cells of the same genotype. Biofilm growth reactors are engineered to produce biofilms with specific characteristics (2). Altering either the engineered system or operating conditions will modify those characteristics as well as the physicochemical environment. The goal in biofilm research and efficacy testing is to choose the growth reactor and operating conditions that generate the most relevant biofilm for the particular study. The test method was developed using Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442 biofilm grown on borosilicate glass coupons in the CDC Biofilm Reactor and liquid disinfectants. Efficacy data developed using other bacteria, different shear, different coupons, or other standardized biofilm reactor systems, and/or other forms of disinfectants may result in different log10 reduction (LR) values and repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations. The efficacy test was designed to determine the log10 reduction in bacteria after exposure to a disinfectant in a closed system. The test method was developed using 50-mL conical tubes. The conical geometry allows for disinfectant exposure to biofilm on all surfaces of the coupon. Each efficacy test includes a single contact time and temperature for three untreated control coupons (exposed to buffered dilution water) and three treated coupons (per disinfectant/concentration combination).1.1 This test method specifies the operational parameters required to perform a quantitative liquid disinfectant efficacy test against biofilm bacteria. 1.2 The test method was developed using a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown in the CDC Biofilm Reactor (Test Method E2562), modified to include borosilicate glass coupons as a hard nonporous surface and P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442. 1.3 Disinfectant preparation and contact time are used in the assessment according to the manufacturerx2019;s instructions for use. 1.4 The test method uses a closed system to treat biofilm. A coupon is placed in a single tube for the treatment, neutralization, and sampling steps to prevent the loss of cells. 1.5 Verification of disinfectant neutralization is determined prior to conducting the test method. 1.6 This test method describes how to sample and analyze treated and untreated control biofilms for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log10 colony-forming units per coupon. Efficacy is reported as a log10 reduction of viable cells. 1.7 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this assay. 1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Evaluating Disinfectant Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown in CDC Biofilm Reactor using Single Tube Method

ASTM E2196-2012 用旋转盘式反应器量化随剪切连续流生长的铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)生物膜的标准试验方法

Bacteria that exist in a biofilm are phenotypically different from suspended cells of the same genotype. The study of biofilm in the laboratory requires protocols that account for this difference. Laboratory biofilms are engineered in growth reactors designed to produce a specific biofilm type. Altering system parameters will correspondingly result in a change in the biofilm. The purpose of this method is to direct a user in the laboratory study of biofilms by clearly defining each system parameter. This method will enable a person to grow, sample, and analyze a laboratory biofilm.1.1 This test method is used for growing a reproducible (1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) under medium shear conditions. In addition, the test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells. 1.2 Although this test method was created to mimic conditions within a toilet bowl, it can be adapted for the growth and characterization of varying species of biofilm (rotating disk reactorrepeatability and relevance (2)). 1.3 This test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log10 colony forming units per surface area (rotating disk reactorefficacy test method (3)). 1.4 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown with Medium Shear and Continuous Flow Using Rotating Disk Reactor

ASTM E2562-2012 使用高剪切和连续流量的CDC生物膜反应器量化铜绿假单胞菌生物膜生长的标准试验方法

Bacteria that exist in biofilms are phenotypically different from suspended cells of the same genotype. Research has shown that biofilm bacteria are more difficult to kill than suspended bacteria (5, 7). Laboratory biofilms are engineered in growth reactors designed to produce a specific biofilm type. Altering system parameters will correspondingly result in a change in the biofilm. For example, research has shown that biofilm grown under high shear is more difficult to kill than biofilm grown under low shear (5, 8). The purpose of this test method is to direct a user in the laboratory study of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm by clearly defining each system parameter. This test method will enable an investigator to grow, sample, and analyze a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown under high shear. The biofilm generated in the CDC Biofilm Reactor is also suitable for efficacy testing. After the 48 h growth phase is complete, the user may add the treatment in situ or harvest the coupons and treat them individually.1.1 This test method specifies the operational parameters required to grow a reproducible (1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm under high shear. The resulting biofilm is representative of generalized situations where biofilm exists under high shear rather than being representative of one particular environment. 1.2 This test method uses the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Biofilm Reactor. The CDC Biofilm Reactor is a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with high wall shear. Although it was originally designed to model a potable water system for the evaluation of Legionella pneumophila (2), the reactor is versatile and may also be used for growing and/or characterizing biofilm of varying species (3-5). 1.3 This test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log10 colony forming units per surface area. 1.4 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown with High Shear and Continuous Flow using CDC Biofilm Reactor

ASTM E2799-11 使用MBEC分析法对铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的消毒剂效力进行测试的标准试验方法

Standard Test Method for Testing Disinfectant Efficacy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm using the MBEC Assay

1020药典 化学药和生物制品卷-2010 第十二章 抗肿瘤药物 第三节 生物靶向治疗药物 A群链球菌等(短棒杆菌 卡介苗 铜绿假单胞菌 假单胞菌 红色诺卡菌细胞壁骨架 金葡素 重组人干扰素α1b 重组人干扰素α2a 重组人干扰素α2b 重组人干扰素β 重组人干扰素γ 重组人粒细胞刺激因子)

1296药典 化学药和生物制品卷-2010 第十八章 生物制品 二、细菌类制剂 铜绿假单胞菌

DIN EN ISO 22717-2009 微生物.化妆品.铜绿假单胞菌的检测(ISO 22717:2006),EN ISO 22717:2009的德文版本

This International Standard gives general guidelines for the detection and identification of the specified micro-organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cosmetic products. Micro-organisms considered as specified in this International Standard might differ from country to country according to national practices or regulations. In order to ensure product quality and safety for consumers, it is advisable to perform an appropriate microbiological risk analysis to determine the types of cosmetic product to which this International Standard is applicable. Products considered to present a low microbiological risk include those with low water activity, hydro-alcoholic products, extreme pH values, etc. The method described in this International Standard is based on the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a non-selective liquid medium (enrichment broth), followed by isolation on a selective agar medium. Other methods may be appropriate, depending on the level of detection required. NOTE For the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginoaa, subcultures can be performed on non-selective culture media followed by suitable identification steps (e.g. using identification kits). Because of the large variety of cosmetic products within this field of application, this method may net be appropriate in every detail for some products (e.g. certain water immiscible products). Other International Standards (ISO 18415 [10]) may be appropriate. Other methods (e.g. automated) may be substituted for the tests presented here provided that their equivalence has been demonstrated or the method has been otherwise validated.

Cosmetics - Microbiology - Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ISO 22717:2006); English version of DIN EN ISO 22717:2009-10

ASTM E2647-2008 用低剪切和连续流的滴灌流生物膜反应器量化铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)生物膜生长的标准试验方法

Vegetative biofilm bacteria are phenotypically different from suspended cells of the same genotype. Biofilm growth reactors are engineered to produce biofilms with specific characteristics. Altering either the engineered system or operating conditions will modify those characteristics. The purpose of this test method is to direct a user in how to grow, sample and analyze a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm under low fluid shear and close to the air/liquid interface using the drip flow reactor. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm that grows has a smooth appearance and is loosely attached. Microscopically, the biofilm is sheet-like with few architectural details. This laboratory biofilm could represent those found on produce sprayers, on food processing conveyor belts, on catheters, in lungs with cystic fibrosis and oral biofilms, for example. The biofilm generated in the drip flow reactor is also suitable for efficacy testing. After the 54 h growth phase is complete, the user may add the treatment in situ or harvest the coupons and treat them individually. Research has shown that P. aeruginosa biofilms grown in the drip flow reactor were less resistant to disinfection than biofilms grown under high shear conditions. 1.1 This test method specifies the operational parameters required to grow a repeatable Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm close to the air/liquid interface in a reactor with a continuous flow of nutrients under low fluid shear conditions. The resulting biofilm is representative of generalized situations where biofilm exists at the air/liquid interface under low fluid shear rather than representative of one particular environment. 1.2 This test method uses the drip flow biofilm reactor. The drip flow reactor (DFR) is a plug flow reactor with laminar flow resulting in low fluid shear. The reactor is versatile and may also be used for growing and/or characterizing different species of biofilms. 1.3 This test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log colony forming units per surface area. 1.4 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Quantification of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown Using a Drip Flow Biofilm Reactor with Low Shear and Continuous Flow

ASTM E2562-2007 用疾病控制中心(CDC)生物膜反应器量化随高剪切连续流动生长的铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的标准试验方法

Bacteria that exist in biofilm are phenotypically different from suspended cells of the same genotype. Research has shown that biofilm bacteria are more difficult to kill than suspended bacteria (5). Laboratory biofilms are engineered in growth reactors designed to produce a specific biofilm type. Altering system parameters will correspondingly result in a change in the biofilm. For example, research has shown that biofilm grown under high shear is more difficult to kill than biofilm grown under low shear (6). The purpose of this test method is to direct a user in the laboratory study of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm by clearly defining each system parameter. This test method will enable an investigator to grow, sample, and analyze a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm grown under high shear. The biofilm generated in the CDC biofilm reactor is also suitable for efficacy testing. After the 48 h growth phase is complete, the user may add the treatment in situ or harvest the coupons and treat them individually.1.1 This test method specifies the operational parameters required to grow a repeatable Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm under high shear (1). The resulting biofilm is representative of generalized situations where biofilm exists under high shear rather than representative of one particular environment.1.2 This test method uses the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) biofilm reactor. The CDC biofilm reactor is a continuously stirred flow reactor with high wall shear. Although it was originally designed to model a potable water system for the evaluation of Legionella pneumophila (2), the reactor is versatile and may also be used for growing and/or characterizing biofilm of varying species (3 and 4).1.3 This test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells. Biofilm population density is recorded as log colony forming units per surface area.1.4 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown with High Shear and Continuous Flow using CDC Biofilm Reactor

ASTM E2196-2007 用旋转盘式反应器量化随剪切连续流生长的铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的标准试验方法

Bacteria that exist in a biofilm are phenotypically different from suspended cells of the same genotype. The study of biofilm in the laboratory requires protocols that account for this difference. Laboratory biofilms are engineered in growth reactors designed to produce a specific biofilm type. Altering system parameters will correspondingly result in a change in the biofilm. The purpose of this method is to direct a user in the laboratory study of biofilms by clearly defining each system parameter. This method will enable a person to grow, sample, and analyze a laboratory biofilm.1.1 This test method is used for growing a repeatable Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in a continuously stirred flow reactor. In addition, the test method describes how to sample and analyze biofilm for viable cells.1.2 In this test method, biofilm population density is recorded as log colony forming units per surface area.1.3 Basic microbiology training is required to perform this test method. This standard does not claim to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Standard Test Method for Quantification of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Grown with Shear and Continuous Flow Using a Rotating Disk Reactor

ISO 16266:2006 水质与灰分；铜绿假单胞菌的检测和计数——膜过滤法

Water quality — Detection and enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa — Method by membrane filtration

ISO 22717:2006 化妆品和化妆品；微生物学——铜绿假单胞菌的检测

Cosmetics — Microbiology — Detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa