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Determination methods of characteristic values for dowel-bearing strength and withdrawal capacity of nails and screws in timber structure
本文件规定了沼液还田施用量测算、施用要求。 本文件适用于指导规模畜禽养殖场、第三方处理服务机构等开展沼液还田资源化利用。
4. 评价原则 4.1 贯穿生态文明和绿色发展理念 本指南贯穿落实生态文明和绿色发展理念，坚持保护优先、完整传承。保护原有自然景观特征和地方特色，加强自然景观资源整体保护与高效利用，推动自然景观资源利用方式根本转变，充分发挥自然景观在生态文明建设中的功能和作用，为建设美丽中国提供强有力的保障。 4.2 坚持系统性、整体性思维统筹协调 既多元统筹安排、长远谋划，又立足当前、实事求是。应合理权衡自然景观资源的环境、社会、经济三方面的综合效益，统筹自然景观资源保护与社会经济高质量发展之间关系，统筹自然景观资源利用与生态文明建设之间关系。强调协调发展，突出分类调控。 4.3 坚持以人为本，促进人与自然和谐发展 人与自然景观的关系既不是“主-仆”关系，也不是“主-主”关系，应是“相互影响”的关系。人与自然在相互作用、相互制约、相互规定中确立各自地位和作用。坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，清醒认识自然景观的破坏会损坏人民群众的权益。促进人与自然和谐发展始终是自然景观资源保护与利用工作的出发点和落脚点。 4.4 始终追求可持续发展目标 科学合理地利用各类自然景观资源，在保证自然景观资源质量不下降和其所处生态环境不退化的前提下，协调好自然景观保护与当地社会经济发展的关系，促进自然景观资源永续利用，实现可持续发展。
Technical Guidelines for evaluation of Recreation Carrying Capacity of Natural Landscape Resources
本标准分为9章、7篇附录，主要内容包括范围、规范性引用文件、术语和定义、符号、支座分类、结构及型号、技术要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和储存，附录A(资料性附录)桥梁高承载力板式隔震支座技术参数，附录B(规范性附录)高分子材料混合料耐水性性能试验方法，附录C(规范性附录)高分子材料混合料耐霉变性能试验方法，附录D(规范性附录)桥梁高承载力板式隔震支座力学性能试验方法，附录E(规范性附录)桥梁高承载力板式隔震支座大变形复位能力试验方法,附录F(规范性附录)桥梁高承载力板式隔震支座水平疲劳性能试验方法，附录G(规范性附录)桥梁高承载力板式隔震支座耐水性性能试验方法。
High Elastomeric Seismic-Isolated Plate Bearing for Bridges
因地方标准信息公布不透明，地方标准有效性更新或有延迟，望大家理解。本文件规定了农区耕地畜禽承载力评估技术的术语和定义、猪单位氮（磷）排泄当量的确定、农作物氮（磷）养分需要量估算、耕地畜禽承载力估算方式。本文件适用于评估农区耕地畜禽承载力，科学规划种植业、养殖业布局，实现种养平衡。
本文件规定了农区耕地畜禽承载力评估技术的术语和定义、猪单位氮（磷）排泄当量的确定、农作物氮（磷）养分需要量估算、耕地畜禽承载力估算方式。 本文件适用于评估农区耕地畜禽承载力，科学规划种植业、养殖业布局，实现种养平衡。
本标准规定了湿地生态承载力评价体系及方法等技术要求。 本标准适用于安徽省境内的湿地生态承载力评价行为。
5.1x00a0;This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both. 5.2x00a0;This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents: 5.2.1x00a0;American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8 5.2.2x00a0;STP-512A.9 5.2.3x00a0;SAE J308. 5.2.4x00a0;Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. 5.2.5x00a0;SAE J2360. 1.1x00a0;This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation. 1.2x00a0;This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method. 1.3x00a0;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3.1x00a0;Exceptionsx2014;In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent. 1.4x00a0;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Under Conditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for Final Hypoid Drive Axles
本标准规定了皖北地区公路小型构造物地基承载力测试（以下简称测试）的要求、原位测试试验、地基承载力评价。 本标准适用于皖北地区公路小型构造物，其他地区可参照执行。
Testing of lubricants - Testing in the four-ball tester - Part 2: Determination of welding load of liquid lubricants
5.1x00a0;Blocking develops in film processing and storage when layers of smooth film are in intimate contact with nearly complete exclusion of air. Temperature, or pressure, or both, can induce or change the degree of adhesion of the surfaces. 5.2x00a0;The procedure of this test method closely simulates the operation of separating film in some end-use applications. 1.1x00a0;This test method yields quantitative information regarding the degree of blocking (unwanted adhesion) existing between layers of plastic film. It is not intended to measure susceptibility to blocking. 1.2x00a0;By this procedure, the film-to-film adhesion, expressed as a blocking load in grams, will cause two layers of film with an area of contact of 100 cm2 to separate. The test method is limited to a maximum load of 200 g. 1.3x00a0;The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4x00a0;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1:x00a0;This test method is similar to ISO 11502 Method B, but is not technically equivalent.
Standard Test Method for Blocking Load of Plastic Film by the Parallel Plate Method
5.1x00a0;This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both. 5.2x00a0;This test method is used, or referred to, in the following documents: 5.2.1x00a0;American Petroleum Institute (API) Publication 1560.8 5.2.2x00a0;STP-512A.9 5.2.3x00a0;SAE J308. 5.2.4x00a0;Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E. 5.2.5x00a0;SAE J2360. 1.1x00a0;This test method is commonly referred to as the L-37 test.2 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying, wear, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation. 1.2x00a0;This test method also provides for the running of the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test. The procedure for the low axle temperature (Canadian) L-37 test is identical to the standard L-37 test with the exceptions of the items specifically listed in Annex A9. The procedure modifications listed in Annex A9 refer to the corresponding section of the standard L-37 test method. 1.3x00a0;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3.1x00a0;Exceptionsx2014;In Table A12.1, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Also, no SI unit is provided where there is not a direct SI equivalent. 1.4x00a0;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning information is given in Sections 4 and 7.
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Load-Carrying Capacity of Lubricants Under Conditions of Low Speed and High Torque Used for Final Hypoid Drive Axles
5.1x00a0;This test method is used to evaluate the potential strength of subgrade, subbase, and base course materials, including recycled materials for use in the design of road and airfield pavements. The CBR value obtained in this test forms an integral part of several flexible pavement design methods. 5.2x00a0;For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is small, such as cohesionless, coarse-grained materials, or where an allowance is made for the effect of differing compaction water contents in the design procedure, the CBR may be determined at the optimum water content of a specified compaction effort. The specified dry unit weight is normally the minimum percent compaction allowed by the using clientx2019;s field compaction specification. 5.3x00a0;For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is unknown or where it is desired to account for its effect, the CBR is determined for a range of water contents, usually the range of water content permitted for field compaction by using the clientx2019;s protocol or specification for field compaction. 5.4x00a0;The criteria for test specimen preparation of self-cementing (and other) materials which gain strength with time must be based on a geotechnical engineering evaluation. As directed by the client, self-cementing materials shall be properly cured until bearing ratios representing long term service conditions can be measured. Note 1:x00a0;The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.1x00a0;This test method covers the determination of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base course materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test method is primarily intended for, but not limited to, evaluating the strength of materials having maximum particle size less than 3/4x00a0;in. (19 mm). 1.2x00a0;When materials having a maximum particle size greater than 3/4x00a0;in. (19 mm) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes the 3/4-in. (19-mm) sieve while the total gravel (3 in. (75 mm) to plus No. 4 (4.75 mm)) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different strength properties than the original material. However, a large experience database has been developed using this test method for materials for which the gradatio......
Standard Test Method for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
5.1x00a0;SIPs are used as roof, wall, and floor components in building structures. The structural performance properties need to be determined for design purposes. 1.1x00a0;These test methods cover procedures for determining strength properties under specified loads for rigid-faced structural insulated panels. These test methods are appropriate for structural insulated panels with rigid facings having a minimum thickness of 0.16 in. (4 mm) and an insulating core with a minimum thickness of 1.5 in. (38 mm). These specified loads include: 1.1.1x00a0;Transverse loads, 1.1.2x00a0;Axial loads, 1.1.3x00a0;Shear loads, 1.1.4x00a0;Diaphragm loads, 1.1.5x00a0;Uplift loads, 1.1.6x00a0;Long Term loads 1.1.7x00a0;Impact loads, and 1.1.8x00a0;Concentrated loads. 1.2x00a0;Structural insulated panels are intended to resist structural loads in permanent building structures. 1.3x00a0;These test methods are not intended for quality control purposes and do not evaluate the individual components of the structural insulated panels. 1.4x00a0;These test methods are not intended to measure dimensional stability. 1.5x00a0;The text of this standard references notes and footnotes, excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered requirements of the standard. 1.6x00a0;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.7x00a0;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standard Test Methods for Determining Strength Capacities of Structural Insulated Panels
1.1x00a0;This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification does not apply to commodity rim board products. 1.2x00a0;This specification was developed in light of currently manufactured panel, structural composite lumber, and pre-fabricated I-joist rim board products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions of 3.2 are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3x00a0;Fire safety, sound transmission, building envelope performance, and cutting/notching attributes of rim board products and assemblies fall outside the scope of this specification. 1.4x00a0;This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as most protected framing members, where the equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 168201;%. 1.5x00a0;This specification provides methods to establish x201c;allowable stressx201d; design resistances for use with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Derivation of design resistances from the test data in accordance with x201c;load and resistance factor designx201d; or x201c;limit states designx201d; are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.6x00a0;Quality control requirements are outside the scope of this Specification. 1.7x00a0;The performance of a rim board product will be affected by the constituent wood species, geometry, adhesive, and production parameters. Therefore, rim board products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. 1.8x00a0;Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by an accredited, independent qualifying agency. 1.9x00a0;The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10x00a0;This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
1.1 This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification does not apply to commodity rim board products. 1.2 This specification was developed in light of currently manufactured panel, structural composite lumber, and pre-fabricated I-joist rim board products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions of 3.2 are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 Fire safety, sound transmission, building envelope performance, and cutting/notching attributes of rim board products and assemblies fall outside the scope of this specification. 1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as most protected framing members, where the equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 168201;%. 1.5 This specification provides methods to establish ???allowable stress??? design resistances for use with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Derivation of design resistances from the test data in accordance with ???load and resistance factor design??? or ???limit states design??? are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.6 Quality control requirements are outside the scope of this Specification. 1.7 The performance of a rim board product will be affected by the constituent wood species, geometry, adhesive, and production parameters. Therefore, rim board products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. 1.8 Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by an accredited, independent qualifying agency. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
1.1 This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification does not apply to commodity rim board products. 1.2 This specification was developed in light of currently manufactured panel, structural composite lumber, and pre-fabricated I-joist rim board products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions of 3.2 are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 Fire safety, sound transmission, building envelope performance, and cutting/notching attributes of rim board products and assemblies are all items that may need to be considered in an end-use application. These items fall outside the scope of this specification. 1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as most protected framing members, where the equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. 1.5 This specification provides methods to establish x201C;allowable stressx201D; design resistances for use with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Derivation of design resistances from the test data in accordance with x201C;load and resistance factor designx201D; or x201C;limit states designx201D; are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.6 Quality control requirements are outside the scope of this Specification. 1.7 The performance of a rim board product will be affected by the constituent wood species, geometry, adhesive, and production parameters. Therefore, rim board products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. 1.8 Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by an accredited, independent qualifying agency. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
1.1 This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. It does not apply to rim board products manufactured to a commodity rim board standard. 1.2 This specification was developed in light of currently manufactured panel, structural composite lumber, and pre-fabricated I-joist rim board products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions of 3.2 are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.3 Fire safety, sound transmission, building envelope performance, and cutting/notching attributes of rim board products and assemblies are all items that may need to be considered in an end-use application. These items fall outside the scope of this specification. 1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as most protected framing members, where the equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. 1.5 This specification provides methods to establish x201C;allowable stressx201D; design resistances for use with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Derivation of design resistances from the test data in accordance with x201C;load and resistance factor designx201D; or x201C;limit states designx201D; are beyond the scope of this specification. 1.6 Quality control requirements are outside the scope of this Specification. 1.7 The performance of a rim board product will be affected by the constituent wood species, geometry, adhesive, and production parameters. Therefore, rim board products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. 1.8 Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by an accredited, independent qualifying agency. 1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standard Specification for Evaluating Structural Capacities of Rim Board Products and Assemblies
This test method outlines the recommended procedure for performing radial limit load andultimate load tests on low speed airframe and high speed helicopter rotor head bearings.
Plain Bearing Radial Limit and Ultimate Load Tests
This document specifies the determination of characteristic values of liquid lubricants using four-ball tester.
Testing of lubricants - Testing in the four-ball tester - Part 2: Determination of welding load of liquid lubricants
Control Valve Capcity Test Procedures
Measuring method for dynamic compactness and bearing capacity with SP-LFWD (small-plate light falling weight deflectometer)
Blocking develops in film processing and storage when layers of smooth film are in intimate contact with nearly complete exclusion of air. Temperature, or pressure, or both, can induce or change the degree of adhesion of the surfaces. The procedure of this test method closely simulates the operation of separating film in some end-use applications.1.1 This test method yields quantitative information regarding the degree of blocking (unwanted adhesion) existing between layers of plastic film. It is not intended to measure susceptibility to blocking. 1.2 By this procedure, the film-to-film adhesion, expressed as a blocking load in grams, will cause two layers of film with an area of contact of 100 cm2 to separate. The test method is limited to a maximum load of 200 g. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 18212;This test method is similar to ISO 11502 Method B, but is not technically equivalent.
Standard Test Method for Blocking Load of Plastic Film by the Parallel Plate Method
Rules for classification and technical supervision of floating storage units.Part 2: Environmental loading and design basis
Vessels and apparatus. Norms and methods of strength calculation. Calculation of shells and heads from influence of support loads
This test method is used to evaluate the potential strength of subgrade, subbase, and base course material, including recycled materials for use in road and airfield pavements. The CBR value obtained in this test forms an integral part of several flexible pavement design methods. For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is small, such as cohesionless, coarse-grained materials, or where an allowance is made for the effect of differing compaction water contents in the design procedure, the CBR may be determined at the optimum water content of a specified compaction effort. The dry unit weight specified is normally the minimum percent compaction allowed by the using agency''s field compaction specification. For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is unknown or where it is desired to account for its effect, the CBR is determined for a range of water contents, usually the range of water content permitted for field compaction by using agency''s field compaction specification. The criteria for test specimen preparation of self cementing (and other) materials which gain strength with time must be based on a geotechnical engineering evaluation. As directed by the engineer, self-cementing materials shall be properly cured until bearing ratios representing long term service conditions can be measured. Note 18212;The agency performing this test can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D 3740. Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method, the precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base course materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test method is primarily intended for (but not limited to) evaluating the strength of materials having maximum particle sizes less than x00BE; in. (19 mm). 1.2 When materials having maximum particle sizes greater than x00BE; in. (19 mm) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes the x00BE;-in. sieve while the total gravel (+No. 4 to 3 in.) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different strength properties than the original material. However, a large experience base has developed using this test method for materials for which the gradation has been modified, and satisfactory design methods are in use based on the results of tests using this procedure. 1.3 Past practice has shown that CBR results for those materials having substantial percentages of particles retained on the No. 4 sieve are more variable than for finer materials. Consequently, more trials may be required for these materials to establish a reliable CBR. 1.4 This test method provides for the determination of the CBR of a material at optimum water content or a range of water content fro......
Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
岩土工程勘察成果是地基基础设计的依据，在整个工程建设 中占有举足轻重的地位。在工业与民用建筑的岩土工程勘察中， 地基承载力的确定又位居工作之首。1974年，我国编制了第一版 建筑地基基础设计规范《工业与民用建筑地基基础设计规范》TJ7 -74。这本规范规定了地基承载力确定原则，并根据对全国几千 份载荷试验对比资料的统计分析结果，给出了11个全国性的地基 承载力表。这些承载力表实际上是我国建国后大规模工程建设的 经验总结，对指导当时的工程建设，起到了应有的历史作用。1989 年，我国颁布《建筑地基基础设计规范》GBJ7-89，对地基承载 力确定原则进行了修订，将全国性的地基承载力表从规范正文移 到规范附录。2002年，我国颁布《建筑地基基础设计规范》 GB50007-2002，对地基承载力确定原则进行了进一步修订，并将 全国性地基承载力表从规范中删除。至此，全国性地基承载力表 完成了法定的历史任务。 总结建国50多年的经验，岩土工程具有明显的区域经验性。 因此，国家标准取消全国性地基承载力表后，建立地方承载力经 验公式或经验表，是一件十分重要的工作。 2001年，河北省建设厅下发冀建标[2001]167号文件，决 定编制河北省地方标准《河北省建筑地基承载力技术规程》。3年 多来，在各设区市建筑行政主管部门的协调和有关勘察设计单位 的支持下，河北建设勘察研究院有限公司会同省内有关勘察、设 计、科研单位，共完成载荷试验综合对比资料716份。将全省划分 为4个工程地质区(山区、山前平原区、内陆平原区、滨海平原 区)，分别进行地基承载力经验公式的统计分析，共得到20个经 验公式。本规程根据现行国家标准，规定了地基承载力的确定原 则，结合省内建设经验和本次统计分析结果，给出了分区地基承 载力经验公式和经验表。本规程适用于河北省各设区市建成区的建筑岩土工程勘察， 其他县(市)可按照所在工程地质分区参照执行。地处工程地质 分区分界线上的县(市)，参照执行本规程时可按具体情况酌情考 虑相邻两区后综合确定。
Calculated Bending Load Capacity of Powder Metallurgy (P/M) External Spur Gears
This test method is used to evaluate the potential strength of subgrade, subbase, and base course material, including recycled materials for use in road and airfield pavements. The CBR value obtained in this test forms an integral part of several flexible pavement design methods. For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is small, such as cohesionless, coarse-grained materials, or where an allowance is made for the effect of differing compaction water contents in the design procedure, the CBR may be determined at the optimum water content of a specified compaction effort. The dry unit weight specified is normally the minimum percent compaction allowed by the using agencyrsquo;field compaction specification. For applications where the effect of compaction water content on CBR is unknown or where it is desired to account for its effect, the CBR is determined for a range of water contents, usually the range of water content permitted for field compaction by using agencyrsquo;field compaction specification. The criteria for test specimen preparation of self cementing (and other) materials which gain strength with time must be based on a geotechnical engineering evaluation. As directed by the engineer, self cementing materials shall be properly cured until bearing ratios representing long term service conditions can be measured.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base course materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test method is primarily intended for but not limited to, evaluating the strength of cohesive materials having maximum particle sizes less than 3/4 in. (19 mm). Note 1The agency performing this test can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D 3740.Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this Standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.2 When materials having maximum particle sizes greater than 3/4 in. (19 mm) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes the 3/ 4-in. sieve while the total gravel ( +No. 4 to 3 in.) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different strength properties than the original material. However, a large experience base has developed using this test method for materials for which the gradation has been modified, and satisfactory design methods are in use based on the results of tests using this procedure.1.3 Past practice has shown that CBR results for those materials having substantial percentages of particles retained on the No. 4 sieve are more variable than for finer materials. Consequently, more trials may be required for these materials to establish a reliable CBR.1.4 This test method provides for the determination of the CBR of a material at optimum water content or a range of water content from a specified compaction test and a specified dry unit weight. The dry unit weight is usually given as a percentage of maximum dry unit weight determined by Test Methods D 698 or D 1557.1.5 The agency requesting the test shall specify the water content or range of water content......
Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
This standard gives relationships for the determination of load-carrying capacities of connector joints in timber structures and appertaining reference conditions. It also gives recommendations for characteristic values for slip moduli for joints in solid timber (see EN 338) or glued laminated timber (see EN 1194).
Timber fasteners - Characteristic load-carrying capacities and slip-moduli for connector joints; German version EN 13271:2001 + AC:2003
To present methods which, according to the consensus of the aviation propulsion community represented by SAE Committee E-34, allow the continued assessment of load carrying capacity of current chemistry products during periods of limited or nonavailability of previously used standardized methods. The methods listed in this document are intended to provide a means of generating data which can be used as a guide for making decisions against the backdrop of load capacity databases (Ryder, IAE, FZG) and experiences available on chemically similar oils used for lubrication of aircraft propulsion and power drive systems.
Temporary Methods for Assessing the Load Carrying Capacity of Aircraft Propulsion System Lubricating Oils
Geotextiles - Methods of test - Determination of burst strength - California bearing ratio (CBR) - Plunger method
Diese ONORM entspricht einer EUROCODE (ONORM ENV 1997-1) -nahen Berechnung der Tragf?higkeit von Fl?chengründungen. Sie ist für normal oder schr?g zur Sohlfl?che belastete Fundamente und für mittige und ausmittige Lastangriffe für Fl?chengründungen mit geringer Gründungstiefe (Richtwert t < 3b) anzuwenden. Die behandelten Tragf?higkeitsberechnungen sind durchzuführen, wenn - die Voraussetzungen für die Anwendbarkeit der ONORM B 4430-1 nicht gegeben sind, - die Bodenpressungen die zul?ssigen Werte nach ONORM B 4430-1 überschreiten, - Berechnungen nach der vorliegenden ?NORM B 4435-2 verlangt werden. Die Voraussetzungen für die Anwendbarkeit der ?NORM B 4430-1 sind beispielsweise nicht gegeben bei: - Fundamenten mit geringer oder ohne Einbindung (zB Lehrgerüstfundamente), - einem über der Sohlfl?che liegenden Grundwasserspiegel, - geneigtem Gel?nde. Diese ?NORM ist nur für ann?hernd isotrope Baugrundverh?ltnisse anzuwenden - beispielsweise gilt sie nicht für klüftigen Fels. Es werden die Versagensf?lle mechanischer Grundbruch, Gleiten, Kippen und Auftrieb behandelt. Der hydraulische Grundbruch (Verflüssigungsbruch, innere Erosion) ist nicht Gegenstand dieser ?NORM.
Geotechnical engineering - Spread foundations - EUROCODE-orientated analysis of bearing capacity
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of pavement subgrade, subbase, and base/course materials from laboratory compacted specimens. The test method is primarily intended for but not limited to, evaluating the strength of cohesive materials having maximum particle sizes less than 3/4 in. (19 mm). Note 1-The agency performing this test can be evaluated in accordance with Practice D3740. Not withstanding statements on precision and bias contained in this Standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. 1.2 When materials having maximum particle sizes greater than 3/4 in. (19 mm) are to be tested, this test method provides for modifying the gradation of the material so that the material used for tests all passes the 3/4-in. sieve while the total gravel (+No. 4 to 3 in.) fraction remains the same. While traditionally this method of specimen preparation has been used to avoid the error inherent in testing materials containing large particles in the CBR test apparatus, the modified material may have significantly different strength properties than the original material. However, a large experience base has developed using this test method for materials for which the gradation has been modified, and satisfactory design methods are in use based on the results of tests using this procedure. 1.3 Past practice has shown that CBR results for those materials having substantial percentages of particles retained on the No. 4 sieve are more variable than for finer materials. Consequently, more trials may be required for these materials to establish a reliable CBR. 1.4 This test method provides for the determination of the CBR of a material at optimum water content or a range of water content from a specified compaction test and a specified dry unit weight. The dry unit weight is usually given as a percentage of maximum dry unit weight from the compaction tests of Test Methods D698 or D1557. 1.5 The agency requesting the test shall specify the water content or range of water content and the dry unit weight for which the CBR is desired. 1.6 Unless specified otherwise by the requesting agency, or unless it has been shown to have no effect on test results for the material being tested, all specimens shall be soaked prior to penetration. 1.7 For the determination of CBR of field compacted materials, see Test Method D4429. 1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI equivalents shown in parentheses may be approximate. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Standard Test Method for CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of Laboratory-Compacted Soils
This Recommendation is part of the DSS 2 family of ITU-T Recommendations. It specifies the revised coding of the 4.2931 [2] Broadband bearer capability information element specifically to enable the identification of the ATM transfer capability (see Recommendation 1.371 [4]).
Digital subscriber signalling system No. 2 – Additional traffic parameters: Support of ATM transfer capability in the broadband bearer capability information element
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